Certified Tester Foundation Level - ISTQB Foundation Sample Quiz 2

Questions
Q1: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which of the following statements describe a valid test objective?

Select ONE option.
A To verify that there are no untested combinations of inputs
B To prove that there will be no failures after the implementation of the system into production
C To prove that there are no unfixed defects in the system under test
D To reduce the risk level of the test object and to build confidence in the quality level
Correct Answer:
D : To reduce the risk level of the test object and to build confidence in the quality level

Q2: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which of the following options shows an example of test activities that contribute to success?
A Having testers involved during various software development lifecycle (SDLC) activities will help to detect defects in work products
B Testers try not to disturb the developers while coding, so that the developers write better code
C Certified testers will design much better test cases than non-certified testers
D Testers collaborating with end users help to improve the quality of defect reports during component integration and system testing
Correct Answer:
A : Having testers involved during various software development lifecycle (SDLC) activities will help to detect defects in work products

Q3: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
You have been assigned as a tester to a team producing a new system incrementally. You have noticed that no changes have been made to the existing regression test cases for several iterations and no new regression defects were identified. Your manager is happy, but you are not. Which testing principle explains your skepticism?
A Absence-of-errors fallacy
B Exhaustive testing is impossible
C Defects cluster together
D Tests wear out
Correct Answer:
D : Tests wear out

Q4: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
You work in a team that develops a mobile application for food ordering.
In the current iteration the team decided to implement the payment functionality.

Which of the following activities is a part of test analysis?

Select ONE option.
A Deciding that the team should test if it is possible to properly share payment between many users
B Analyzing the discrepancy between the actual result and expected result after executing a test case that checks the process of payment with a credit card, and reporting a defect
C Using boundary value analysis (BVA) to derive the test data for the test cases that check the correct payment processing for the minimum allowed amount to be paid
D Estimating that testing the integration with the payment service will take 8 person-days
Correct Answer:
A : Deciding that the team should test if it is possible to properly share payment between many users

Q5: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which of the following factors (i-v) have SIGNIFICANT influence on the test process?

i. The SDLC
ii. The number of defects detected in previous projects
iii. The identified product risks
iv. New regulatory requirements forcing formal white-box testing
v. The test environment setup
A i, iii, iv have significant influence; ii, v have not
B iii, v have significant influence; i, ii, iv have not
C ii, iv, v have significant influence; i, iii have not
D i, ii have significant influence; iii, iv, v have not
Correct Answer:
A : i, iii, iv have significant influence; ii, v have not

i. Is true. The SDLC has an influence on the test process
ii. Is false. The number of defects detected in previous projects may have some influence, but this is not as significant as i, iii and iv
iii. Is true. The identified product risks are one of the most important factors influencing the test process
iv. Is true. Regulatory requirements are important factors influencing the test process
v. Is false. The test environment should be a copy of the production environment, but has no significant influence on the test process
Q6: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which TWO of the following tasks belong MAINLY to a testing role?
A Maintain the product backlog
B Configure test environments
C Design solutions to new requirements
D Create the test plan
Correct Answer:
B : Configure test environments

Q7: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which of the following skills (i-v) are the MOST important skills of a tester?

i. Having domain knowledge
ii. Creating a product vision
iii. Being a good team player
iv. Planning and organizing the work of the team
v. Critical thinking
A iii and iv are important; i, ii and v are not
B ii and iv are important; i, iii and v are not
C i, ii and v are important; iii and iv are not
D i, iii and v are important; ii and iv are not
Correct Answer:
D : i, iii and v are important; ii and iv are not

i. Is true. Having domain knowledge is an important tester skill
ii. Is false. This is a task of the business analyst together with the business representative
iii. Is true. Being a good team player is an important skill
iv. Is false. Planning and organizing the work of the team is a task of the test manager or, mostly in an Agile software development project, the whole team and not just the tester
v. Is true. Critical thinking is one of the most important skills of testers
Q8: Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
How is the whole team approach present in the interactions between testers and business representatives
A Testers help business representatives to define test strategy
B Business representatives are not part of the whole team approach
C Business representatives decide on test automation approaches
D Testers help business representatives to create suitable acceptance tests
Correct Answer:
D : Testers help business representatives to create suitable acceptance tests

Q9: Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Consider the following rule: “for every SDLC activity there is a corresponding test activity”. In which SDLC models does this rule hold?
A Only in iterative and incremental SDLC models
B Only in iterative SDLC models
C Only in sequential SDLC models
D In sequential, incremental, and iterative SDLC models
Correct Answer:
D : In sequential, incremental, and iterative SDLC models

Q10: Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following statements BEST describes the acceptance test-driven development (ATDD) approach
A In ATDD, test cases are mainly created at component testing and are code-oriented
B In ATDD, acceptance criteria are typically created based on the given/when/then format
C in ATDD, tests are based on the desired behavior of the software, which makes it easier for team members to understand them
D In ATDD, tests are created, based on acceptance criteria to drive the development of the related software
Correct Answer:
D : In ATDD, tests are created, based on acceptance criteria to drive the development of the related software

Q11: Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following is NOT an example of the shift left approach?
A Reviewing the user requirements before they are formally accepted by the stakeholders
B Writing a component test before the corresponding code is written
C Executing a performance efficiency test for a component during component testing
D Writing a test script before setting up the configuration management process
Correct Answer:
D : Writing a test script before setting up the configuration management process

Q12: Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the arguments below would you use to convince your manager to organize retrospectives at the end of each release cycle?
A Retrospectives are very popular these days and clients would appreciate it if we added them to our processes
B Process weaknesses identified during the retrospective can be analyzed and serve as a to do list for the organization’s continuous process improvement program
C Retrospectives embrace five values including courage and respect, which are crucial to maintain continuous improvement in the organization
D Organizing retrospectives will save the organization money because end user representatives do not provide immediate feedback about the product
Correct Answer:
B : Process weaknesses identified during the retrospective can be analyzed and serve as a to do list for the organization’s continuous process improvement program

Q13: Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which types of failures (1-4) fit which test levels (A-D) BEST?


1. Failures in system behavior as it deviates from the user’s business needs
2. Failures in communication between components
3. Failures in logic in a module
4. Failures in not correctly implemented business rules


A. Component testing
B. Component integration testing
C. System testing
D. Acceptance testing

Select ONE option.
A 1B, 2A, 3D, 4C
B 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C
C 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A
D 1C, 2B, 3A, 4D
Correct Answer:
B : 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C

Considering:

* The test basis for acceptance testing is the user’s business needs (1D)
* Communication between components is tested during component integration testing (2B)
* Failures in logic can be found during component testing (3A)
* Business rules are the test basis for system testing (4C)
Q14: Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
You are testing a user story with three acceptance criteria: AC1, AC2 and AC3. AC1 is covered by test case TC1, AC2 by TC2, and AC3 by TC3. The test execution history had three test runs on three consecutive versions of the software as follows (see table)

Tests are repeated once you are informed that all defects found in the test run are corrected and a new version of the software is available.
Which of the above tests are executed as regression tests?
Question Attachment
A Only 5, 6
B Only 4, 7, 8, 9
C Only 4, 6, 8, 9
D Only 5, 7
Correct Answer:
D : Only 5, 7

Because TC1 and TC3 failed in Execution 1 (i.e., test (1) and test (3)), test (4) and test (6) are confirmation tests.
Because TC2 and TC3 failed in Execution 2 (i.e., tests (5) and (6)), test (8) and test (9) are also confirmation tests.
TC2 passed in Execution 1 (i.e., test (2)), so test (5) is a regression test.
TC1 passed in the Execution 2 (i.e., test (4)), so test (7) is also a regression test.
Q15: Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of static testing?

Select ONE option
A Having less expensive defect management due to the ease of detecting defects later in the SDLC
B Detecting gaps and inconsistencies in requirements
C Finding coding defects that might not have been found by only performing dynamic testing
D Fixing defects found during static testing is generally much less expensive than fixing defects found during dynamic testing
Correct Answer:
A : Having less expensive defect management due to the ease of detecting defects later in the SDLC

Q16: Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
Which of the following is a benefit of early and frequent feedback?

Select ONE option.
A It improves the test process for future projects
B It is the only way to measure the quality of changes
C It helps avoid requirements misunderstandings
D It forces customers to prioritize their requirements based on agreed risks
Correct Answer:
C : It helps avoid requirements misunderstandings

Q17: Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:
* There is the role of a scribe
* The main purpose is to evaluate quality
* The meeting is led by the author of the work product
* There is individual preparation
* A review report is produced

Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used?
A Informal review
B nspection
C Technical review
D Walkthrough
Correct Answer:
D : Walkthrough

Considering the attributes:
* There is a role of a scribe – specified for walkthroughs, technical reviews, and inspections; thus, the reviews being performed cannot be informal reviews
* The purpose is to evaluate quality – the purpose of evaluating quality is one of the most important objectives of a walkthrough
* The review meeting is led by the author of the work product – this is not allowed for inspections and is typically not done in technical reviews. A moderator is needed in walkthroughs and is allowed for informal reviews
* Individual reviewers find potential anomalies during preparation – all types of reviews can include individual reviewers (even informal reviews)
* A review report is produced – all types of reviews can produce a review report, although informal reviews do not require documentation
Q18: Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
Which of these statements is NOT a factor that contributes to successful reviews?
A Failures found should be acknowledged, appreciated, and handled objectively
B Splitting large work products into small parts to make the required effort less intense
C Participants should dedicate adequate time for the review
D Participants should avoid behaviors that might indicate boredom, exasperation, or hostility to other participants
Correct Answer:
D : Participants should avoid behaviors that might indicate boredom, exasperation, or hostility to other participants

Q19: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Which of the following is a characteristic of experience-based test techniques?

Select ONE option
A The test cases are used to identify deviations from the requirements
B Items tested within the interface code section are used to measure coverage
C The techniques heavily rely on the tester’s knowledge of the software and the business domain
D Test cases are created based on detailed design information
Correct Answer:
C : The techniques heavily rely on the tester’s knowledge of the software and the business domain

Q20: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You are testing a simplified apartment search form which has only two search criteria:

* floor (with three possible options: ground floor; first floor; second or higher floor)
* garden type (with three possible options: no garden; small garden; large garden)

Only apartments on the ground floor have gardens. The form has a built-in validation mechanism that will not allow you to use the search criteria which violate this rule.
Each test has two input values: floor and garden type. You want to apply equivalence partitioning (EP) to cover each floor and each garden type in your tests.
What is the minimal number of test cases to achieve 100% EP coverage?
A 3
B 4
C 5
D 6
Correct Answer:
B : 4

“Small garden” and “large garden” can go only with “ground floor”, so we need two test cases with “ground floor” which cover these two “garden type” partitions.
We need two more test cases to cover the two other “floor” partitions and a remaining ”garden type” partition of “no garden”.
We need a total of four test cases:

TC1 (ground floor, small garden)
TC2 (ground floor, large garden)
TC3 (first floor, no garden)
TC4 (second or higher floor, no garden)
Q21: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You are testing a system that calculates the final course grade for a given student.
The final grade is assigned based on the final result, according to the following rules:
* 0 – 50 points: failed
* 51 – 60 points: fair
* 61 – 70 points: satisfactory
* 71 – 80 points: good
* 81 – 90 points: very good
* 91 – 100 points: excellent
You have prepared the following set of test cases (see table)

What is the 2-value Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) coverage for the final result that is achieved with the existing test cases?
Question Attachment
A 60%
B 100%
C 33.3%
D 50%
Correct Answer:
D : 50%

There are 12 boundary values for the final result values: 0, 50, 51, 60, 61, 70, 71, 80, 81, 90, 91, and 100.
The test cases cover six of them (TC1 – 91, TC2 – 50, TC3 – 81, TC4 – 60, TC5 – 70 and TC7 – 51).
Therefore, the test cases cover 6/12 = 50%.
Q22: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Your favorite bicycle daily rental store has just introduced a new Customer Relationship Management system and asked you, one of their most loyal members, to test it.

The implemented features are as follows:

* Anyone can rent a bicycle, but members receive a 20% discount
* However, if the return deadline is missed, the discount is no longer available
* After 15 rentals, members get a gift: a T-Shirt

Decision table describing the implemented features looks as follows (see table)

Based ONLY on the feature description of the Customer Relationship Management system, which of the above rules describes an impossible situation?
Question Attachment
A R6
B R2
C R8
D R4
Correct Answer:
C : R8

Q23: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You test a system whose lifecycle is modeled by the state transition diagram shown below. The system starts in the INIT state and ends its operation in the OFF state (see diagram)

What is the MINIMAL number of test cases to achieve valid transitions coverage?
Question Attachment
A 2
B 3
C 7
D 4
Correct Answer:
B : 3

“test” and “error” transitions cannot occur in one test case.
Neither can both “done” transitions.
This means we need at least three test cases to achieve transition coverage. For example:

TC1: test, done
TC2: run, error, done
TC3: run, pause, resume, pause, done
Q24: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Your test suite achieved 100% statement coverage. What is the consequence of this fact?
A Each instruction in the code that contains a defect has been executed at least once
B Each path in the code has been executed at least once
C Every combination of input values has been tested at least once
D Any test suite containing more test cases than your test suite will also achieve 100% statement coverage
Correct Answer:
A : Each instruction in the code that contains a defect has been executed at least once

Q25: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Which of the following is NOT true for white-box testing?
A White-box testing can help identify gaps in requirements implementation
B White-box coverage metrics can help identify additional tests to increase code coverage
C During white-box testing the entire software implementation is considered
D White-box test techniques can be used in static testing
Correct Answer:
A : White-box testing can help identify gaps in requirements implementation

Q26: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing?
A Error guessing requires you to imagine that you are the user of the test object and to guess errors the user could make interacting with it
B Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical errors made by developers
C Error guessing requires you to rapidly duplicate the development task to identify the sort of errors a developer might make
D Error guessing involves using your personal experience of development and the errors you made as a developer
Correct Answer:
B : Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past and typical errors made by developers

Q27: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
In your project there has been a delay in the release of a brand-new application and test execution started late, but you have very detailed domain knowledge and good analytical skills. The full list of requirements has not yet been shared with the team, but management is asking for some test results to be presented.

Which test technique fits BEST in this situation?
A Exploratory testing
B Branch testing
C Checklist-based testing
D Error guessing
Correct Answer:
A : Exploratory testing

Q28: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Which of the following BEST describes the way acceptance criteria can be documented?
A Documenting risks related to a given user story in a test plan to facilitate the risk-based testing of a given user story
B Performing retrospectives to determine the actual needs of the stakeholders regarding a given user story
C Using verbal communication to reduce the risk of misunderstanding the acceptance criteria by others
D Using the given/when/then format to describe an example test condition related to a given user story
Correct Answer:
D : Using the given/when/then format to describe an example test condition related to a given user story

Q29: Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Consider the following user story:
As an Editor
I want to review content before it is published
so that I can assure the grammar is correct

and its acceptance criteria:
* The user can log in to the content management system with "Editor" role
* The editor can view existing content pages
* The editor can edit the page content
* The editor can add markup comments
* The editor can save changes
* The editor can reassign to the "content owner" role to make updates

Which of the following is the BEST example of an ATDD test for this user story?
A test if the editor can schedule the edited content for publication
B test if the editor can save the document after deleting the page content
C test if the content owner can log in and make updates to the content
D test if the editor can reassign to another editor to make updates
Correct Answer:
B : test if the editor can save the document after deleting the page content

Q30: Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
How do testers add value to iteration and release planning?
A Testers guarantee the release of high-quality software through early test design during the release planning
B Testers determine the priority of the user stories to be developed
C Testers focus only on the functional aspects of the system to be tested
D Testers participate in the detailed risk identification and risk assessment of user stories
Correct Answer:
D : Testers participate in the detailed risk identification and risk assessment of user stories