Certified Tester Foundation Level - ISTQB Foundation Sample Quiz 4
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Q1:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which of the following is a typical test objective?
A
Validating that legal requirements have been met
B
Building confidence in the quality of the test object
C
Finding and fixing defects in the test object
D
Maintaining effective communications with developers
Correct Answer:
B :
Building confidence in the quality of the test object
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Q2:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
A designer documents a design for a user interface that does not suitably address disabled users because the designer is tired. The programmer implements the user interface in line with the design but as they are working under severe time pressure, they do not include suitable exception handling in their program code for bonus calculations. When the operational system is used, complaints are made by some disabled users about the interface and the company is subsequently fined by the relevant regulatory authority. No one notices that bonus calculations are sometimes incorrect.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A
The programmer working under severe time pressure is a root cause
B
The design of the user interface includes a designer error
C
The fine received for failing to address some disabled users is a failure
D
The miscalculation of bonuses is a defect that occasionally occurs
Correct Answer:
A :
The programmer working under severe time pressure is a root cause
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Q3:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
High-level test conditions are being used by testers to generate test cases and execute tests. Even though the test conditions remain the same, the test cases are varied each time. Which of the following ‘principles of testing’ is being addressed through the variation of test cases?
A
Tests wear out
B
Early testing saves time and money
C
Defects cluster together
D
Absence-of-defects fallacy
Correct Answer:
A :
Tests wear out
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Q4:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Considering each of the listed test activities and their tasks:
A. Test analysis - To identify the features that require testing, the test basis is analyzed and defined as test conditions, which are then prioritized along with related risks. During this test analysis, defects in the test basis are typically uncovered, and the test object's testability may also be assessed. (Task 4) B. Test design - Involves using test conditions to create test cases and other necessary testware, such as test data requirements and test charters for exploratory testing. (Task 1) C. Test implementation - Test procedures, such as manual and automated test scripts, are created from test cases and may be assembled into test suites. Test procedures are prioritized and arranged in a test execution schedule. (Task 3) D. Test completion - Occurs at project milestones, such as release, end of iteration or end of test level. Testware is identified and archived or handed to the appropriate teams for reuse, the test environment is shut down, and the test activities are analyzed for lessons learned and future improvements. (Task 2)
A
1C, 2D, 3A, 4B
B
1C, 2A, 3B, 4D
C
1B, 2A, 3D, 4C
D
1B, 2D, 3C, 4A
Correct Answer:
D :
1B, 2D, 3C, 4A
Given the following test tasks: |
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Q5:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Given the following testware:
i. Test completion report ii. Data held in a database used for test inputs and expected results iii. The list of elements needed to build the test environment iv. Documented sequences of test cases in execution order v. Test cases Which of the following BEST shows the testware produced as a result of performing test implementation?
A
ii, iv
B
iii, v
C
i, ii, v
D
i, iii, iv
Correct Answer:
A :
ii, iv
Considering each of the listed testware, and the test activity that produces it: |
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Q6:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which of the following is MOST likely to describe a task performed by someone in a test management role?
A
Evaluate test basis and test object
B
Create test completion report
C
Define test environment requirements
D
Assess testability of test object
Correct Answer:
B :
Create test completion report
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Q7:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Which of the following is an advantage of the whole team approach?
A
Faster deployment of deliverables to the end users
B
Reduced collaboration with external business users
C
Improved communication between team members
D
Decreased individual accountability for quality
Correct Answer:
C :
Improved communication between team members
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Q8:
Chapter: 1 - Fundamentals of Testing
Given the following benefits and drawbacks of the independence of testing:
i. The testers work in a different location from the developers ii. Testers question the assumptions programmers make while writing code iii. A confrontational dynamic has been established between testers and developers iv. Developers have convinced themselves that testers are mostly accountable for quality Which are MOST likely to be considered benefits?
A
i, iii, iv
B
ii, iii, v
C
i, iv
D
ii, v
Correct Answer:
D :
ii, v
Considering each of the listed benefits and drawbacks of the independence of testing: |
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Q9:
Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following is a good testing practice that applies to all software development lifecycles?
A
Each test level has specific and distinct test objectives
B
Every dynamic testing activity has a corresponding static testing activity
C
Testers should start test design as soon as drafts of the relevant work products become available
D
Test implementation and execution for a given test level should start during the corresponding development phase
Correct Answer:
A :
Each test level has specific and distinct test objectives
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Q10:
Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following is an example of a test-first approach to development?
A
Behavior-Driven Development
B
Function-Driven Development
C
Function-Driven Development
D
Test Level Driven Development
Correct Answer:
A :
Behavior-Driven Development
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Q11:
Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following is MOST likely to be a challenge encountered when implementing DevOps?
A
Making sure that non-functional quality characteristics are not overlooked
B
Setting up the test automation as part of the delivery pipeline
C
The need for more manual testers with suitable experience
D
Managing continuously changing test environments
Correct Answer:
B :
Setting up the test automation as part of the delivery pipeline
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Q12:
Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following BEST describes retrospectives?
A
Retrospectives give testers an opportunity to identify activities that were successful so that these are retained when potential improvements are made in the future
B
Retrospectives are where agile team members are allowed to voice their concerns about management and customers in a blame-free environment
C
Retrospectives give agile team members a forum where they focus on discussing the plan and technical decisions for the next iteration
D
Retrospectives allow team members to identify other team members who did not fully contribute to achieving quality as required by the whole-team approach
Correct Answer:
A :
Retrospectives give testers an opportunity to identify activities that were successful so that these are retained when potential improvements are made in the future
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Q13:
Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following tests is MOST likely to be performed as part of functional testing?
A
The test checks how easily the sort function can be changed from sorting ascending to sorting descending
B
The test checks that the sort function still functions correctly when moved from a 32-bit to a 64-bit architecture
C
The test checks whether the sort function completes sorting within one second of starting
D
The test checks that the sort function puts the elements of the list or array in ascending order
Correct Answer:
D :
The test checks that the sort function puts the elements of the list or array in ascending order
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Q14:
Chapter: 2 - Testing Throughout the Software Development Lifecycle
Which of the following is MOST likely to be a trigger that leads to maintenance testing of a currency exchange system?
A
The agile team has started developing a user story that adds a new customer loyalty feature to the currency exchange system
B
The refund option of the currency exchange system was removed as it did not always repay the correct amount to customers
C
The currency exchange system was reconfigured to support both English and local language currency transactions
D
The developers reported that changing the currency exchange system was difficult and the testers decided to check if this was true
Correct Answer:
B :
The refund option of the currency exchange system was removed as it did not always repay the correct amount to customers
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Q15:
Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
Which of the following CANNOT be examined by static testing?
A
Test charter
B
Contract
C
Encrypted code
D
Test plan
Correct Answer:
C :
Encrypted code
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Q16:
Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
Which of the following statements about the value of static testing is CORRECT?
A
Static testing can identify the defect types that can be found by dynamic testing as well as some extra defect types
B
The defect types found by static testing are different from the defect types that can be found by dynamic testing
C
Dynamic testing can detect the defect types that can be found by static testing plus some additional defect types
D
Dynamic testing can identify some of the defects that can be found by static testing but not all of them
Correct Answer:
D :
Dynamic testing can identify some of the defects that can be found by static testing but not all of them
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Q17:
Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
Given the following descriptions of review activities:
1. Detected anomalies are deliberated upon, and determinations are reached regarding their status, ownership, and any further steps needed 2. Issues are recorded, and any needed updates are addressed prior to the acceptance of the work product 3. Reviewers employ techniques to come up with suggestions and questions about the work product and to spot anomalies 4. The objective of the review and its schedule are established to ensure a focused and efficient review 5. Participants are provided with access to the item being reviewed Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence in the review process of the activities that correspond to the descriptions?
A
5 – 4 – 1 – 3 – 2
B
4 – 5 – 3 – 1 – 2
C
5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1
D
4 – 3 – 5 – 2 – 1
Correct Answer:
The five listed descriptions and the corresponding review process activities are: |
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Q18:
Chapter: 3 - Static Testing
Which participant in the review process is responsible for ensuring that the review meetings run effectively and that everyone at the meetings can voice their opinions freely?
A
Manage
B
Chairperson
C
Review Leader
D
Moderator
Correct Answer:
D :
Moderator
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Q19:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You perform system testing of an e-commerce web application and are provided with the following requirement:
REQ 05-017. If the total cost of purchases exceeds $100, the customer gets a 5% discount on subsequent purchases. Otherwise, the customer does not receive a discount. Which test techniques will be MOST helpful in designing test cases based on this requirement?
A
Black-box test techniques
B
Risk-based test techniques
C
Experience-based test techniques
D
White-box test techniques
Correct Answer:
A :
Black-box test techniques
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Q20:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
The system for selling cinema tickets calculates the discount type based on the client’s birth year (BY) and on the current year (CY) as follows:
Let D be the difference between CY and BY, that is, D = CY – BY. => If D < 0 then print the error message “birth year cannot be greater than current year” => If 0 ≤ D < 18 then apply the student discount => If 18 ≤ D < 65 then apply no discount => If D ≥ 65 then apply the pensioner discount Your test suite already contains two test cases: => BY = 1990, CY = 2020, expected result: no discount => BY = 2030, CY = 2029, expected result: print the error message Which TWO of the following test data sets should be added to achieve full valid equivalence partitioning coverage for the discount type?
A
BY = 2011, CY = 2029
B
BY = 2001, CY = 2065
C
BY = 1965, CY = 1900
D
BY = 1900, CY = 1965
Correct Answer:
D :
BY = 1900, CY = 1965
There are two equivalence partitions that are not yet covered, which correspond to “student discount” and “pensioner discount”. |
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Q21:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You are testing a temperature control system for a horticultural cold storage facility. The system receives the temperature (in full degrees Celsius) as the input. If the temperature is between 0 and 2 degrees inclusive, the system displays the message “temperature OK”. For lower temperatures, the system displays the message "temperature too low" and for higher temperatures it displays the message “temperature too high”.
Using two-value boundary value analysis, which of the following sets of test inputs provides the highest level of boundary value coverage?
A
–2, 0, 2, 4
B
–1, 0, 2, 3
C
–1, 3
D
0, 2
Correct Answer:
B :
–1, 0, 2, 3
There are three equivalence partitions: {…, –2, –1}, {0, 1, 2}, {3, 4, …}. |
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Q22:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You are designing test cases based on the following decision table (see table).
So far you have designed the following test cases: => TC1: 19-year-old, unregistered man with no experience; expected result: category A => TC2: 65-year-old, unregistered woman with 5 years of experience; expected result: category B => TC3: 66-year-old, registered man with no experience; expected result: category C => TC4: 65-year-old, registered woman with 4 years of experience; expected result: category D Which of the following test cases, when added to the existing set of test cases, will increase the decision table coverage? 
A
No additional test case can increase the already achieved decision table coverage
B
66-year-old, unregistered man with no experience; expected result: category B
C
55-year-old, unregistered woman with 2 years of experience; expected result: category A
D
19-year-old, registered woman with 5 years of experience; expected result: category D
Correct Answer:
B :
66-year-old, unregistered man with no experience; expected result: category B
Test cases TC1, TC2, TC3 and TC4 cover, respectively, rules R2, R3, R7 and R6 in the decision table. |
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Q23:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You are applying state transition testing to the hotel room reservation system modeled by the following state transition table, with 4 states and 5 different events (see table):
Assuming all test cases start in the ‘Requesting’ state, which of the following test cases, represented as sequences of events, achieves the highest valid transitions coverage? 
A
NotAvailable, Available, ChangeRoom, NotAvailable, Cancel
B
NotAvailable, Cancel, ChangeRoom, Available, Pay
C
Available, ChangeRoom, Available, ChangeRoom, NotAvailable
D
Available, ChangeRoom, NotAvailable, Available, Pay
Correct Answer:
D :
Available, ChangeRoom, NotAvailable, Available, Pay
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Q24:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Your test suite S for a program P achieves 100% statement coverage. It consists of three test cases, each of which achieves 50% statement coverage.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A
After removing one test case from S, the remaining two test cases will still achieve 100% statement coverage
B
Every executable statement in P containing a defect has been run at least once during the execution of S
C
Executing S will cause all possible failures in P
D
S achieves 100% branch coverage for P
Correct Answer:
B :
Every executable statement in P containing a defect has been run at least once during the execution of S
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Q25:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Why does white-box testing facilitate defect detection even when the software specification is vague, outdated or incomplete?
A
For each white-box test technique the coverage can be well-defined and easily measured
B
White-box test techniques are very well designed to detect omissions in the requirements
C
Test cases are designed based on the structure of the test object rather than the specification
D
White-box test techniques can be used in both static testing and dynamic testing
Correct Answer:
C :
Test cases are designed based on the structure of the test object rather than the specification
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Q26:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Which of the following is NOT anticipated by the tester while applying error guessing?
A
The developer missed the seminar on new compound interest rate legislation
B
The accuracy of the interest calculated by the system is not precise enough
C
The developer misunderstood the formula in the user story for calculating the interest
D
The developer wrote “FA = A*(1+IR^N)” instead of “FA = A*(1+IR)^N” in the source code
Correct Answer:
A :
The developer missed the seminar on new compound interest rate legislation
Error guessing is about anticipating the errors, defects and failures based on the tester’s knowledge. |
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Q27:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Which of the following is true about exploratory testing?
A
During exploratory testing the tester may use black-box test techniques
B
Test cases are designed before the exploratory testing session starts
C
The tester can perform test execution, but cannot perform test design
D
Exploratory testing results are good predictors of the number of remaining defects
Correct Answer:
A :
During exploratory testing the tester may use black-box test techniques
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Q28:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
Which collaborative user story writing practice enables the team to achieve a collective understanding of what needs to be delivered?
A
Reviews, so that a team can detect inconsistencies and contradictions in a user story
B
Conversation, so that team members can understand how the software will be used
C
Planning poker, so that a team can achieve consensus on the effort needed to implement a user story
D
Iteration planning, so that user stories with the highest business value for a customer can be prioritized for implementation
Correct Answer:
B :
Conversation, so that team members can understand how the software will be used
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Q29:
Chapter: 4 - Test Analysis and Design
You have just started designing test cases for the following user story.
As a customer, I want to be able to filter search results by price range, so that I can find products within my budget more easily. Acceptance criteria: 1. The filter should work for all versions of the application from version 3.0 upwards 2. The filter should allow the customer to set a price range with a minimum and a maximum price 3. The search results should update dynamically as the customer adjusts the price range filter In all test cases the precondition is as follows: there are only two products available, products A and B. Product A costs $100 and product B costs $110. Which of the following is the BEST example of a test case for this user story?
A
Enter webpage with three different browsers: Edge, Chrome and Opera. In each browser set filter between $90 and $110. Expected result: results include both products A and B and the results layout is the same in all three browsers
B
Enter webpage and set filter to show prices between $90 and $100. Expected result: results show product A only. Set maximum price to $110. Expected result: results now include both products A and B
C
Enter webpage. Expected result: the default minimum and maximum prices are $100 and $110 respectively. Add product C to stock, with price $120. Refresh the client’s webpage. Expected result: the default maximum price changes to $120
D
Enter webpage and set filter to show prices between $90 and $115. Expected result: results show both products A and B. Change currency from USD to EUR. Expected result: the filter range changes correctly to EUR values, according to the current exchange ra
Correct Answer:
B :
Enter webpage and set filter to show prices between $90 and $100. Expected result: results show product A only. Set maximum price to $110. Expected result: results now include both products A and B
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Q30:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
Which of the following BEST define EXIT criteria in a testing project?
A
Budget runs out
B
The budget is approved
C
Test basis is available
D
All test analysts are ISTQB certified at the Foundation Level
Correct Answer:
A :
Budget runs out
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Q31:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
The team wants to estimate the time needed for one tester to execute four test cases for a software component. The team has gathered the following measures of the effort used to execute a single test case:
=> Best-case scenario: 1 hour => Worst-case scenario: 8 hours => Most likely scenario: 3 hours Given that the three-point estimation technique is being used, what is the final estimate of the time needed to execute all four test cases?
A
3.5 hours
B
16 hours
C
14 hours
D
12 hours
Correct Answer:
C :
14 hours
Using the three-point estimation technique, the final estimate (E) is calculated as: |
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Q32:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
The table shows the traceability matrix from test cases to requirements. “X” means that a given test case covers the corresponding requirement. (see table)
You want to prioritize the test cases following the additional coverage prioritization technique. You execute all four test cases. Which test case should be executed as the LAST one? 
A
TC2
B
TC3
C
TC1
D
TC4
Correct Answer:
A :
TC2
TC1 achieves the highest coverage (4/7 – Req1, Req3, Req4 and Req7), so should be executed first. |
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Q33:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
How can the testing quadrants be beneficial for testing?
A
They help agile teams to develop a communication strategy based on classifying people according to four basic psychological types, and on modelling the relations between them
B
They help non-technical stakeholders to understand the different types of tests and that some test types are more relevant to certain test levels than others
C
They help in test planning by dividing the test process into four stages, corresponding to the four basic test levels: component, integration, system, and acceptance testing
D
They help in assessing the high-level coverage (e.g., requirements coverage) based on low-level coverage (e.g., code coverage)
Correct Answer:
B :
They help non-technical stakeholders to understand the different types of tests and that some test types are more relevant to certain test levels than others
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Q34:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
For a given risk, its risk level is $1,000 and its risk likelihood is estimated as 50%.
What is the risk impact?
A
$50,000
B
$2,000
C
$500
D
$200
Correct Answer:
B :
$2,000
Risk assessment can use a quantitative or qualitative approach, or a mix of them. In the quantitative approach the risk level is calculated as the multiplication of risk likelihood and risk impact. So, Risk level = Risk likelihood * Risk impact |
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Q35:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
Which of the following are product risks?
A
Cost-cutting
B
Poor tool support
C
Scope creep
D
Poor architecture
Correct Answer:
D :
Poor architecture
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Q36:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
Which of the following is NOT a valid purpose for a test report?
A
Providing information on testing planned for the next period
B
Tracking test progress and identifying areas that require further attention.
C
Providing information on the tests executed, their results, and any issues or defects found
D
Providing information about each defect, such as the steps to reproduce it.
Correct Answer:
D :
Providing information about each defect, such as the steps to reproduce it.
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Q37:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
The user reported a software failure.
An engineer from the support team asked the user for the software version number where the failure was observed. Based on the version number, the team reassembled all the files that made up the release. This later allowed a developer to perform analysis, find the defect, and fix it. Which of the following enabled the above activity to be performed by the team?
A
Configuration management
B
Test monitoring and control
C
Whole-team approach
D
Risk management
Correct Answer:
A :
Configuration management
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Q38:
Chapter: 5 - Managing the Test Activities
Consider the following defect report for a Book Lending System.
``Defect ID: 001 | Title: Unable to Return a Book | Severity: High | Priority: Environment: Windows 10, Google Chrome Description: When attempting to return a book using the Book Return feature, the system does not register the return and the book remains checked out to the user. Steps to Reproduce: Login to the Book Lending System as a user who has checked out a book. Click on the "Book Return" button for the book that has been checked out. System does not register the return and the book remains checked out. Expected Result: The book should be returned and no longer appear as checked out to the user. Actual Result: The book remains checked out to the user and is not registered as returned in the system.`` Which of the following is MOST likely to help the developer reproduce the failure quickly?
A
Adding information about which users and which books the issue affects to the “Description” section
B
Filling in the missing value for the “Priority” field
C
Adding memory dumps and database snapshots taken after each step described in the “Steps to Reproduce” section to the “Attachments” section.
D
Repeating the same test case for different environments and writing defect reports for each of them separately
Correct Answer:
A :
Adding information about which users and which books the issue affects to the “Description” section
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Q39:
Chapter: 6 - Test Tools
Given the following test tool categories:
i. Collaboration tools ii. DevOps tools iii. Management tools iv. Non-functional testing tools v. Test design and implementation tools Tools from which of the categories are MOST likely to facilitate test execution?
A
ii, iv
B
ii, iii, iv
C
i, iii, v
D
i, v
Correct Answer:
A :
ii, iv
Considering each of the listed tool categories: |